DEFORESTATION, HYDROLOGICAL DISRUPTIONS AND NIGERIA’S CLIMATIC VARIABILITY: ANALYZING THE NEXUS BETWEEN FOREST LOSS AND WATER CYCLE ALTERATIONS

Abstract

Deforestation has significantly impacted hydrological patterns and climate variability in Kano State,
Nigeria. This study examines the effects of forest loss on water resource availability and climate,
highlighting key issues such as increased flooding and unpredictable rainfall. The research adopts a
quantitative approach, using survey data collected from 400 respondents. Descriptive statistics and
ANOVA were employed for data analysis. Findings reveal that 26.8% of respondents identified drying
up of rivers and streams as the most critical hydrological impact, while 25.5% highlighted increased
flooding. Additionally, 34% of respondents agreed that loss of vegetation reduces water retention
capacity, leading to severe changes in water availability. Climatic variability was also evident, with
28.8% reporting increased temperatures and 25.3% citing a rise in extreme weather events. The
ANOVA results indicate a significant variation (F = 4.12, P = 0.038) between deforestation impacts
and climate change indicators. The study concludes that deforestation has intensified environmental
challenges in Kano State, affecting water resources and climate stability. To mitigate these effects,
afforestation and reforestation programs should be prioritized, alongside stricter land-use policies.
Additionally, community-based awareness campaigns should be implemented to educate residents on
the consequences of deforestation. The findings emphasize the urgent need for sustainable forest
management strategies to protect the environment and ensure long-term water and climate stability in
Kano State.